For decades, the U.S. has stored about 100 tons of plutonium produced during the Cold War for nuclear weapons.
On Tuesday, the Department of Energy said it selected five nuclear startups to enter negotiations to receive some of that material for possible use in a new generation of reactors. The department previously identified 34 tons of plutonium for disposal.
The companies are Oklo, Standard Nuclear, Shine Technologies, Flibe Energy, and Exodys Energy.
Energy Secretary Chris Wright previously served on Oklo’s board, but resigned when he joined the administration and said he had divested his shares. Sam Altman served as Oklo’s board chair after its merger with his acquisition company, AltC, and resigned last year.
Plutonium also occurs in nature, but it is more commonly produced by bombarding non-fissile uranium with neutrons. The isotope discussed here has a half-life of 24,000 years.
Oklo is developing a reactor that can run on uranium fuel or plutonium, which could help supply its first reactors. Exodys Energy is developing a reactor that can use plutonium in mixed oxide fuel, which blends uranium and plutonium. Flibe Energy is working on a reactor designed to run on plutonium and other byproducts from fission reactors.
Mixed oxide fuel is produced in France. The U.S. had planned to make it in South Carolina, but the first Trump administration canceled that project after it exceeded budgets and timelines.