A new study disputed claims that solar development is taking over productive farmland in North Carolina.
“You travel across the state of North Carolina, and it’s occupying the best farmland in the state,” N.C. House Agriculture Chairman Jimmy Dixon, R-Duplin, said during a 2025 hearing on solar tax breaks.
A report released last week by the Solar Energy Industries Association said solar production currently occupies 0.24% of prime farmland in North Carolina. Other land uses, including suburban development and recreation, use more agricultural land, according to the study.
Between 2014 and 2024, suburban development took up 0.87% of the state’s prime farmland, or 3.6 times more than utility-scale solar projects, the report said. Golf courses used 0.28%.
“This map helps provide important context by showing that solar and agriculture can thrive together,” Solar Energy Industries Association President and CEO Tim Pawlenty said in a statement. “Solar development uses a very small amount of farmland compared to many other common land uses, while also delivering affordable energy, local tax revenue, and reliable income for farmers and landowners.”
Nationally, the analysis found solar used 0.04% of total U.S. land area and 0.07% of U.S. farmland. Golf courses used 2.6 times as much prime farmland as solar, and suburban development from 2014 to 2024 used 5.9 times more. The report said no state had solar on more than 0.5% of prime farmland.
California had the highest overlap between solar and prime farmland at 0.43%, according to the report.
The industry also faced policy setbacks. Gallagher said it had been “a challenging year for the solar industry.”
President Donald Trump’s “Big, Beautiful Bill,” signed last July, ended a 30% residential solar tax credit for systems installed after 2025, shortening a timeline that had extended through 2032.
In August, the Environmental Protection Agency ended the Solar for All program, which had offered $156 million in North Carolina and $7 billion nationwide for solar projects in lower-income communities.
Earlier this year, North Carolina Utilities Commissioner Chair Bill Brawley directed Duke Energy to stop progress on its 2026 solar procurement. The order did not cancel existing projects, but it meant the utility would not add new ones this year, affecting future solar capacity.
Despite those changes, Gallagher said solar remained a lower-cost option that could be added to the grid more quickly than other energy sources.
“In a state like North Carolina, where energy demand is surging,” Gallagher said, “solar plus storage is the fastest and most affordable way to meet that demand.”