Japan’s parliament enacted revisions Friday to the Imperial House Law that would let princesses keep royal status after marrying commoners and allow adoption of distant male-line royal relatives, while keeping the ban on female emperors.
The changes came as concern grows over the size of the imperial family. Only five of its 16 adult members are men, and there are no children. Under current rules, Emperor Naruhito’s daughter, Princess Aiko, 24, cannot inherit the throne because she is a woman.
Japan’s succession line passes to Naruhito’s younger brother, Crown Prince Akishino, 60, then to Akishino’s 19-year-old son, Prince Hisahito. Third in line is Naruhito’s 90-year-old uncle, Prince Hitachi.
The more contentious measure allows unmarried male descendants, 15 or older, from former imperial branch families in the paternal line to be adopted into the royal family. Imperial Household Agency official Yoshimi Ogata told parliament that 51 members from 11 branch families lost royal status in 1947 to reduce the postwar financial burden on the monarchy. They are at least 36 generations removed from Naruhito, having split from a common male-line ancestor 600 years ago, Ogata said.
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and other conservatives say the male bloodline is central to the emperor’s legitimacy. Critics say the changes are designed to block female succession.
There have been eight female monarchs in Japan. The last, Empress Gosakuramachi, ruled from 1762 to 1770. Historians say the current male-only system is difficult to sustain in modern Japan. A 2005 proposal to allow female monarchs was shelved after Hisahito’s birth.
The revisions would also let five unmarried princesses, including Aiko and her cousin Princess Kako, 31, remain royals after marrying commoners, though their spouses and children would not gain royal status.