The Defense Department aimed to demonstrate high-energy laser weapons engineered for wider fielding by summer 2028, according to Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Emil Michael.
Testifying May 19 before the Senate Armed Services Committee’s Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee, Michael said the science of laser weapons “is largely done” and the Pentagon was focused on engineering challenges tied to producing systems at scale.
Asked by Sen. Gary Peters, D-Mich., about a previously publicized three-year timeline, Michael said President Donald Trump’s planned Golden Dome for America missile shield would speed research and development because of its “big reliance” on directed energy. He added that “our experience in Iran has also doubled our interest in these systems.”
“A lot of the money allocated to Golden Dome is going to go to the fundamental engineering of these systems so that we can make them cheaper, smaller and more proliferated,” Michael said.
The Pentagon’s fiscal 2027 budget request included $452 million for directed energy weapons for Golden Dome, compared with $142 million enacted under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act signed in July 2025. The Army and Navy also planned to spend $675.93 million over five years on a containerized 150-300 kilowatt Joint Laser Weapon System.
The Army said its 50 kilowatt Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense system was “not mature enough” for a program of record after 2024 testing in the Middle East found heat dissipation and reliability problems.
Other programs have also stalled or ended, including the Army’s 300 kilowatt Indirect Fire Protection Capability-High Energy Laser project, the Navy’s High Energy Laser with Integrated Optical Dazzler and Surveillance system, the Marine Corps’ Compact Laser Weapon System, and the Air Force’s High-Energy Laser Weapon System.