Anti-gang operations in Haiti have slowed armed groups’ expansion in Port-au-Prince, but progress remained uneven and gangs adapted, according to a United Nations expert report published Tuesday.
Haiti, the poorest country in the Americas, has faced a prolonged security crisis. Gangs that control most of the capital have carried out frequent killings, rapes, and kidnappings.
The report said many gang leaders remained at large and “have become more cautious in response to drone threats, avoiding public appearances and social media.”
It said gangs under pressure in the city center had shifted “into remote and semi-urban areas, where they have enjoyed relative freedom in their criminal operation.” That forced security forces to redeploy, “undermining their ability to hold recaptured territory in other areas.”
As operations targeted gangs’ revenue from highway checkpoints, the groups had “tightened their control” over sites where Haitians collect remittances, the report said. It also said gang members extorted civilians while posing as police, including through kidnappings for ransom.
The report cited a “significant number of casualties, including among non-gang members,” from security operations conducted over the past year by private military contractors.
The experts’ report said gangs had used civilian harm from drone strikes to reinforce local influence, including by helping cover medical costs or funerals for affected civilians. It also said gangs had increased child recruitment, “using them in combat and to shield themselves from law enforcement operations.”