The United States and the United Kingdom are partnering to address potential threats posed by underwater drones to ports and critical infrastructures. According to a solicitation by the Pentagon’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), the countries aim to develop a comprehensive system capable of detecting and neutralizing various types of unmanned underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicles, and semisubmersibles.
The Robotic Exclusion and Engagement Framework (REEF) project focuses on securing ports and harbors from underwater threats of different sizes and complexities, while also aiming to safeguard all U.S. critical waterways. The DIU plans to leverage off-the-shelf technologies, including sensors and artificial intelligence, to create a quick-deploy solution. The anticipated system may utilize fixed components like moored buoys and cables or mobile elements like USVs, UUVs, UAVs, and drifting buoys.
The system is expected to distinguish between hostile drones and non-threatening entities, such as marine life or commercial vessels, providing sufficient time for human decision-makers to respond effectively. It will incorporate both kinetic and nonkinetic methods for neutralization. Nonkinetic strategies may involve deployable nets or bubble curtains, while kinetic options could include acoustic energy or physical coupling devices. The DIU expressed a preference for nonkinetic solutions.
Decoys will play a significant role in the REEF initiative, using signals to mislead adversarial underwater crafts. The system should require minimal training, utilize AI for operational suggestions, and be compatible with existing U.S. command-and-control systems.
Cooperation with the U.K. will be facilitated by a 2024 Department of Commerce rule that permits the sharing of certain controlled items with Britain, allowing British businesses to benefit from export control relief.