Federal SNAP changes may cut benefits, raise county costs

Summary

North Carolina officials expect 90,000 adults to lose SNAP benefits as counties prepare for higher administrative costs.

Why this matters

The changes could reduce food assistance for tens of thousands of North Carolina residents while increasing costs for county governments. Readers who rely on SNAP or work with affected populations may need to track new eligibility and reporting rules.

North Carolina health officials told lawmakers they expected about 90,000 adults in the state to lose Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits under new federal work requirements.

The changes, included in the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” spending and tax cut package passed last year, require some adults to show they are working, volunteering, or attending training for at least 80 hours a month to receive food assistance. The law also raised the age for work requirements to 64 from 54, unless a person qualifies for an exemption.

People affected include some veterans, people experiencing homelessness, and former foster youth. Before this year, young adults who aged out of foster care at 18 could receive SNAP, often called food stamps, until age 24.

The Congressional Budget Office estimated the new work rules will cause 2.4 million people nationwide to lose benefits in an average month from 2025 to 2034.

In NC, about 1.3 million people in roughly 676,000 households received SNAP benefits in January, according to the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services.

Counties also face higher costs. Starting in October, the federal government will cover 25% of SNAP administrative costs, down from 50%, leaving counties to pay 75%. The N.C. Association of County Commissioners estimated that will cost counties an additional $52 million over nine months.

Durham County budget director Keith Lane said the higher administrative costs would add $2 million to the county’s next budget.

Beginning in 2027, states also will have to cover part of SNAP benefit costs based on statewide error rates. North Carolina reported a 10.21% error rate in 2024; if the new law had applied then, the cost would have been about $400 million. DHHS Deputy Secretary Mike Leighs told lawmakers the rate later improved to about 7%.

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