Nearly every child in Hawaiʻi lives in a community with limited licensed child care, according to recent reports from the Center for American Progress, while some families also faced delays this year in receiving state preschool tuition subsidies.
The reports defined child care deserts as communities where at least three children compete for one seat in a licensed program, including public or private preschools, group child care homes, and Head Start, said Hailey Gibbs, associate director of early childhood policy at the Center for American Progress.
In Hawaiʻi, 96% of children lived in those deserts, more than double the national average. Of those children, 86% lived in communities with no licensed child care providers, according to the report.
Gibbs said the data showed a need for more investment in child care programs and staff. Educator shortages have led some programs to reduce enrollment, she said.
“Provider financial viability is essential to standing up a childcare system that can actually meet demand,” she said. “You really need to be able to attract educators into the field.”
The study did not include unlicensed care, such as relatives, neighbors, or family and child interaction learning programs, said Malia Tsuchiya of Hawaiʻi Children’s Action Network. Even so, she said families still needed more access to early learning programs.
The state added more than 1,800 public preschool seats in traditional public and charter schools since 2022, but private child care capacity fell by about 950 seats over the same period, according to a 2025 report from the Department of Human Services and Executive Office on Early Learning.
Applications usually open near the start of the year before the payment period begins July 1. This year, they opened May 29 because the department needed to update rules expanding eligibility to 2-year-olds. As of last week, the program had received more than 6,100 applications and processed 1,282. Staff processed 10 to 15 applications a day, department Director Joseph Campos II said.
Campos said approved families would receive retroactive subsidies dating to the later of their child’s preschool enrollment or application date.